The earliest attestation of the Japanese language is in a Chinese document from 256 CE. Early Japanese is known largely on the basis of its state in the 8th century when the three major works of Old Japanese were compiled. Japanese has a lexically distinct pitch-accent system. Japanese is the national and primary language of Japan. Main articles: Japanese language and Japanese dialects News & World Report ranked Japan's cultural influence as the highest in Asia and 4th worldwide. Today, the culture of Japan stands as one of the most influential cultures around the world, mainly because of the global reach of its popular culture. The inhabitants of Japan experienced a long period of relative isolation from the outside world for over 220 years during the Tokugawa shogunate until the arrival of the " Black Ships" and the Meiji era. Since the Meiji era, Japan has been primarily influenced by western countries. For example, one of the scripts for writing in the Japanese language is Chinese characters ( kanji), but Japanese has no genetic relationship with Chinese. Japanese culture was influenced from ancient times to the Middle Ages primarily by multiple Chinese dynasties, with substantial derivation from the Tang dynasty, and to a lesser extent by other Asian countries. The Jomon people were hunter-gathers the Yayoi people introduced rice cultivation and the Kofun migrants introduced imperial state formation. The migrants who came to Japan during the Kofun period appear to have had ancestry that mainly resembles the ancestry of the Han Chinese population of China. During the Kofun period, it is said that migrant groups from China came to Japan and settled on the island, bringing with them various cultural advances and centralized leadership. This hypothesis proposes that contemporary Japanese people are from three distinct ancestral groups: Jōmon, Yayoi and Kofun, with 13%, 16% and 71% of genetic ancestry, respectively. The second hypothesis proposes a tripartite model of genomic origin. Modern Japanese have an estimated 80% Yayoi and 20% Jōmon ancestry. Yayoi culture spread to the main island of Honshu, mixing with the native Jōmon culture. Japan's indigenous culture originates primarily from the Yayoi people who settled in Japan between 1000 BCE and 300 CE. The first hypothesis proposes a dual-structure model, in which Japanese populations are descendants of the indigenous Jōmon people and later arrivals of people from the East Eurasian continent, known as the Yayoi people. There are two competing hypotheses that try to explain the lineage of the Japanese people. The culture of Japan has changed greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary modern culture, which absorbs influences from Asia and other regions of the world.
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